abstract：:Skin, together with its appendages, forms an organ with several defensive roles; among them it acts as a barrier, which is one of its very important protective functions. There has been increased interest in studying the effects of age on these functions. There are different intensities and timing involved in this pro...

journal_title：Clinics in dermatology

authors： Ramos-e-Silva M,Boza JC,Cestari TF

更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although dermatology does not lead the list of specialties most commonly sued for malpractice, anyone who has been the recipient of a malpractice claim is often traumatized both personally and professionally. Every day dermatologists must address various ethical concerns that have legal implications. Herein, we chose ...

journal_title：Clinics in dermatology

authors： Anderson J,Kels BD,Grant-Kels JM

更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adjuvant immunosuppressive drugs are widely used to minimize corticosteroid-related adverse effects in the short-term and long-term management of cautoimmune bullous diseases. In bullous pemphigoid and pemphigus vulgaris, azathioprine and mycophenolate mofetil seem to be equally effective when used in combination with...

journal_title：Clinics in dermatology

authors： Meurer M

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Abstract Jan Mikulicz-Radecki (1850-1905) was the cofounder of modern surgery, aseptic techniques,and the inventor of gastroscopy, but his professional accomplishments go far beyond the field of surgical treatment. Various medical achievements are named in his honor, including the name of the cells that he discovered ...

journal_title：Clinics in dermatology

authors： Grzybowski A,Sak J

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Injection of neurotoxins and filling agents for the treatment of facial aesthetics has increased dramatically during the past few decades due to an increased interest in noninvasive aesthetic improvements. An aging but still youth-oriented population expects effective treatments with minimal recovery time and limited ...

journal_title：Clinics in dermatology

authors： Emer J,Waldorf H

更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The two main uses of antimicrobials in dermatologic surgery include prophylaxis for bacteremia and prevention of localized surgical skin infection (LSSI). Bacteremia can result in hematogenous surgical infections such as infective endocarditis and prosthetic joint infection. Comprehensive guidelines from the American ...

journal_title：Clinics in dermatology

authors： Shurman DL,Benedetto AV

更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oral manifestations of nutritional deficiencies can affect the mucous membranes, teeth, periodontal tissue, salivary glands, and perioral skin. This contribution reviews how the water-soluble vitamins (B(2), B(3), B(6), B(12), C, and folic acid), fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, and E), and minerals (calcium, fluoride, iro...

journal_title：Clinics in dermatology

authors： Thomas DM,Mirowski GW

更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) are uncommon but extremely serious and often life-threatening mucocutaneous reactions characterized by extensive epithelial sloughing and systemic symptoms. There is no effective evidence-based treatment for severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCAR) t...

journal_title：Clinics in dermatology

authors： Wolf R,Davidovici B

更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The presence of a true melanoma epidemic has been a controversial topic for the past decade. A dramatic increase in the incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma in developed countries is well documented, but mortality rates have not risen as rapidly. This has generated much discussion about whether there is a true in...

journal_title：Clinics in dermatology

authors： Erickson C,Driscoll MS

更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Superficial candidosis is a common fungal infection that could become a gateway to systemic spread. Candida albicans is the most important Candida spp; recently, so-called emergent species, such as C dubliniensis, C famata, and C lipolytica have been isolated. This chapter describes the clinical manifestations and lab...

journal_title：Clinics in dermatology

authors： López-Martínez R

更新日期：2010-03-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The quest for clarifying the pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis (eczema) has lasted for 25 centuries. Yearning to discern the primum movens of atopic dermatitis, physicians aimed to identify the curative therapy. Recent scientific efforts has brought to the light an ever-growing amount of interplaying pathophysiolog...

journal_title：Clinics in dermatology

authors： Farhi D,Taïeb A,Tilles G,Wallach D

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pediatric melanoma is rare but increasing in incidence. Because early diagnosis and treatment improves prognosis, clinicians need to include it as a possible diagnosis when evaluating a pigmented lesion in a pediatric patient. Some risk factors for melanoma include xeroderma pigmentosum, giant congenital melanocytic n...

journal_title：Clinics in dermatology

authors： Jen M,Murphy M,Grant-Kels JM

更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Topical corticosteroids are effective for the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis. The duration of treatment with mid- to high-potency formulations is limited by the well-known side effects associated with their long-term use; further, topical corticosteroids treat only the inflammation associated with the disease. Thi...

journal_title：Clinics in dermatology

authors： Kircik L

更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cosmeceuticals are used for nourishing and improving the appearance of the skin and are also documented as effective agents for treating various dermatologic conditions. Cosmeceutical preparations from herbal origin are most popular among consumers because these agents are mostly nontoxic and possess strong antioxidan...

journal_title：Clinics in dermatology

authors： Singh RP,Agarwal R

更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada both require the teaching and demonstration of general competencies, which include professionalism and ethics as a condition of training program accreditation and specialty certification, respectively. R...

journal_title：Clinics in dermatology

authors： Bercovitch L,Long TP

更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In 2002, new guidelines for interactions with the pharmaceutical industry and physicians were published as an official code of conduct. Adherence to the guidelines was voluntary, and there were no provisions for discipline to companies who did not subscribe to the code or who subscribed but did not comply. Many of the...

journal_title：Clinics in dermatology

authors： Meffert JJ

更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Infective dermatitis represents a severe form of recurrent eczematous skin change that presents in childhood. It was first described in 1966. Later, the association of infective dermatitis with an underlying human T-cell lymphotropic virus infection was recognized. Chronic infective dermatitis is associated with an in...

journal_title：Clinics in dermatology

authors： Trope BM,Lenzi ME

更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Less than 20 of the hundreds of carotenoids found in nature are found in the human body. These carotenoids are present in the body from the foods or dietary supplements that humans consume. The body does not synthesize them. Among the carotenoids present in the body, only lutein and its coexistent isomer, zeaxanthin, ...

journal_title：Clinics in dermatology

authors： Roberts RL,Green J,Lewis B

更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The incidence of cutaneous melanoma has increased substantially in most white populations during the past several decades. Despite improvements in the early recognition of melanoma and the use of novel diagnostic techniques that enhance our diagnostic capabilities, disease-related mortality remains a significant publi...

journal_title：Clinics in dermatology

authors： Stratigos AJ,Katsambas AD

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Thermage is a noninvasive nonablative device that uses monopolar radiofrequency energy to bulk heat underlying skin while protecting the epidermis to produce skin tightening. It is used for the treatment of rhytids on the face including the periorbital region and lower face, and more recently, for off-face application...

journal_title：Clinics in dermatology

authors： Sukal SA,Geronemus RG

更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Monitoring patients on therapy consists of 2 parts: evaluation of response and mitigation of risk. Biologics for the treatment of psoriasis are no different. Although laboratory assessments are sometimes necessary, the key elements to appropriate monitoring are clinical assessments and vigilant reinforcement of signs ...

journal_title：Clinics in dermatology

authors： Papp KA

更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:With a prevalence of 2% to 3%, psoriasis is a very common chronic disease worldwide and generates therapy costs and continuing cost for health insurance and patients and their families. Cost-political changes in health care and the ever increasing health-economic demands in all areas of the health system make it neces...

journal_title：Clinics in dermatology

authors： Radtke MA,Augustin M

更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Formulating at acidic pH is a route to improve the chemical or biological stability and the performances of cosmeceuticals. Unfortunately, its potential is limited by the poor differentiation of available acidic agents, and by the risk of skin irritation. Recently, a perfluoropolyether phosphate was proposed to formul...

journal_title：Clinics in dermatology

authors： Pantini G

更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many authors recognize the beneficial effects of using protein-rich substances in formulations of various topical applications. Proteins quickly were considered useful ingredients for creating a suitable environment for healthy skin and hair because of their ability to bind water with the horny layer of skin and its a...

journal_title：Clinics in dermatology

authors： Secchi G

更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels. It is also accompanied with a variety of multisystem complications that include the blood vessels, nervous system, eyes, kidneys, and skin. The main cutaneous complications are discussed. ...

journal_title：Clinics in dermatology

authors： Oumeish OY

更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Medical clinicians are used to being consulted by patients who want to restore their youthful appearance. Although structural changes to the face and body may be achieved with surgery, for example, face lifts, the impression of youth also relies heavily on young-looking skin. It is desirable to have thicker and tighte...

journal_title：Clinics in dermatology

authors： Fernandes D,Signorini M

更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CAMRSA) infection is currently a problem of epidemic proportion. Athletes represent a specific group of individuals who are at increased risk to develop CAMRSA skin infections. In this article, the previously published reports of cutaneous CAMRSA infectio...

journal_title：Clinics in dermatology

authors： Cohen PR

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disorder that is mediated by elements of the innate and adaptive immune systems. Its characteristic features in the skin consist of inflammatory changes in both dermis and epidermis, with abnormal keratinocyte differentiation and proliferation. Despite the elucidation of many aspect...

journal_title：Clinics in dermatology

authors： Büchau AS,Gallo RL

更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory and hyperproliferative skin disease with a genetic basis. While epidermal hyperplasia and altered keratinocyte differentiation are prominent features, considerable evidence indicates that psoriasis is immunologically mediated. Recently, the identification of HLA-Cw6 as the disease ...

journal_title：Clinics in dermatology

authors： Gudjonsson JE,Elder JT

更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:From the Eskimo in Greenland to the tribes in Polynesia-the whole world knows the art of tattoo. Despite their wide popularity the relation between the skin diseases and the tattooed pictures aren't studied in depth. With the appearance of professional tattoo studios, the risk of infectious complications was reduced. ...

journal_title：Clinics in dermatology

authors： Kazandjieva J,Tsankov N

更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Malignancy in patients with sarcoidosis occurs in 3 settings. The first setting relates to patients with hematologic malignancies. It includes the sarcoidosis-lymphoma syndrome, which refers to the development of lymphoma at least 1 to 2 years after the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. It also includes patients with sarcoido...

journal_title：Clinics in dermatology

authors： Cohen PR,Kurzrock R

更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a widespread tropical infection caused by numerous different species of Leishmania protozoa that are transmitted by sandflies. Its clinical presentations are extremely diverse and dependent on a variety of parasite and host factors that are poorly understood. Diagnosis should aim to identify...

journal_title：Clinics in dermatology

authors： Bailey MS,Lockwood DN

更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Skin ulcerations may develop as a manifestation of a variety of different diseases or may result from some nondisease phenomena. Inflammatory ulcers refer specifically to those ulcerations in which inflammation is the primary pathologic process resulting in lesion formation; that is, inflammation is the cause rather t...

journal_title：Clinics in dermatology

authors： Hoffman MD

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Optimal management of full-thickness wounds requires a thorough knowledge of wound-healing principles and practices. In the absence of underlying disease, almost every full-thickness wound will heal with minimal intervention; however, the process can be enhanced by judicious wound management. The first clinical decisi...

journal_title：Clinics in dermatology

authors： Rivera AE,Spencer JM

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The hereditary disorders of connective tissues (HDCTs) encompass a spectrum of conditions linked pathophysiologically by abnormalities of collagen, fibrillin, and matrix proteins. The clinical picture ranges from morbidity because of musculoskeletal, skin, ocular and visceral pathologies to mortality from acute vascul...

journal_title：Clinics in dermatology

authors： Hakim AJ,Sahota A

更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sjogren's Syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by dry eyes (keratoconjunctivis sicca) and dry mouth (xerostomia). To fulfill diagnostic criteria, patients must have objective signs of dryness on examination and laboratory confirmation of an autoimmune process as evidenced by a positive autoanti...

journal_title：Clinics in dermatology

authors： Fox RI,Liu AY

更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dermatologic manifestations of parathyroid-related disorders, although rare in sporadic cases, are not uncommon in familial syndromes. Patients with familial hyperparathyroidism have several types of skin lesions. In multiple endocrine neoplasia 1, patients commonly have angiofibromas (85%) and collagenomas (70%), les...

journal_title：Clinics in dermatology

authors： Fuleihan Gel-H,Rubeiz N

更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In recent years, a bewildering array of emerging rickettsial pathogens have been described throughout the world, including in the tropics. Here we present an updated overview of scrub typhus, murine typhus, and epidemic typhus. We also present an update on the emerging spotted fever group rickettsioses described in th...

journal_title：Clinics in dermatology

authors： Parola P,Raoult D

更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The relationship between pregnancy and diseases of the elastic fibers, such as pseudoxanthoma elasticum, cutis laxa, and anetoderma, is discussed in this article. Dermatologists and other physicians must be aware that these problems may be present in pregnant women and must also know how to counsel those who suffer fr...

journal_title：Clinics in dermatology

authors： Ramos-E-Silva M,Líbia Cardozo Pereira A,Bastos Oliveira G,Coelho da Silva Carneiro S

更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As new laser devices continue to emerge, it becomes increasingly important for the clinical dermatologist to understand the basic principles behind their operation. A fundamental understanding of how lasers interact with tissue will enable the physician to choose the most appropriate laser for a given clinical situati...

journal_title：Clinics in dermatology

authors： Carroll L,Humphreys TR

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00